Breast Cancer and Genetic Testing

Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers in women. While every woman is at risk, some women are at higher risk due to genetic factors. Therefore, genetic testing is crucial for predicting breast cancer risk and taking the necessary precautions.

What is Genetic Testing?

Genetic testing is a laboratory analysis that determines whether a person has mutations in their DNA that increase their risk of breast cancer.

The most frequently studied genes are:
➤ BRCA1
➤ BRCA2
➤ Other genes such as TP53, PALB2, CHEK2

Who Should Get Genetic Testing?

✔️ Those with a family history of breast or ovarian cancer
✔️ Women diagnosed with breast cancer before the age of 40
✔️ Those who have more than one close relative with breast cancer
✔️ Families with a history of male breast cancer
✔️ Women with relatives carrying the BRCA mutation

BRCA1 and BRCA2 Mutations

➝ The lifetime risk of breast cancer in women carrying these mutations can be up to 70%.
➝ It also increases the risk of ovarian cancer.
➝ Depending on the test results, early screening, medication protection or preventive surgery options may be considered.

Benefits of Genetic Testing

✔️ Risk analysis: The person's probability of developing breast cancer is determined.
✔️ Early prevention: More frequent screening and checks can be done.
✔️ Family information: Family members who may carry the same mutation are warned in advance.
✔️ Psychological preparation: A person can plan his life by knowing the risk.

What to Do If Test Results Are Positive?

A positive result does not mean that you have breast cancer, but it does indicate a high risk.

➤ Regular screening: More frequent mammography and MRI
➤ Protective drugs: Hormone blocking drugs
➤ Preventive surgery: Mastectomy may be considered in high-risk cases

Genetic Testing Opportunities in Türkiye

Many university hospitals and private laboratories in Turkey offer genetic testing, including BRCA . It's helpful to consult with an oncologist or genetic counselor before undergoing testing.

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